The Annulment of Deeds of Gift Relating to Undivided Inherited Land: Balancing Legal Certainty and Substantive Justice in Religious Court Rulings
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32678/alqalam.v43i1.12866Keywords:
Revocation of Gift, Heirs, Inherited Land, Compilation of Islamic Law, Legal CertaintyAbstract
This study analyses the mechanism for annulling deeds of gift relating to undivided inherited land through the harmonisation of the principles of legal certainty and substantive justice. Legal issues arise when one party gifts an inherited asset without the consent of all other heirs or exceeds the maximum limit of one-third of the estate. This study aims to assess how judges apply legal reasoning (Ratio Decidendi) in deciding claims for cancellation of a gift where there is a defect in the object of the gift (Ghalath) or a procedural defect. This study uses a normative legal approach by conducting an in-depth analysis of primary legal sources, namely the decisions of the Religious Court as well as regulations in the Compilation of Islamic Law (KHI) and the Indonesian Civil Code (KUHPerdata). The findings in this study illustrate that judges cancel valid gift deeds to protect the absolute rights (Legitieme Portie) of the heirs and to realize the concept of Maqasid Syariah in the aspect of preserving assets and lineage. The status of the gift deed is declared invalid for legal reasons. This is because the transferred object has not fully become the property of the donor at the time of the gift. The contribution of this study is to develop family law theory by strengthening the doctrine of Maslahah as a corrective instrument against legal actions that undermine the fairness of inheritance distribution.
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