Al-Suwar Al-Qur’āniyyah
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32678/alfath.v3i2.3344Keywords:
Ilmu Al-Qur'anAbstract
Jumlah surat al-Qur’an sebagaimana dirilis al-Zarkasyi dalam al-Burhan dan dikuatkan al-Suyuthi dalam al-Itqan adalah 114, diawali dari al-Fatehah dan diakhiri di al-Nas.
Para Ilmuan Islam mengklasifkasikan surat-surat al-Qur’an menjadi empat kelompok surat, al-Thiwal, al-Mi‘un, al-Matsani, dan al-Mufasshal. Tasmiyah (penamaan) surat-surat al-Qur’an seperti dikatakan al-Suyuthi adalah Tauqifi, bukan produk Ijtihad. Ada beberapa surat memiliki nama lebih dari satu bahkan banyak nama seperti al-Fatehah. Banyaknya nama bagi satu surat menunjukkan akan keagungan surat tersebut, katsratul Ismi li Musamman Wahidin yadullu ‘ala Syarafl Musamma.
Kontroversi muncul ketika parallmuan Islam menyikapi tata urutan surat-surat al-Qur‘an. Ada yang mengatakan Tauqifi, ada yang mengatakan Ijtihadi, dan ada pula yang mengatakan kombinasi antara Tauqifi dan Ljtihadi. Terlepas dari kontroversi tersebut, tetaplah hasil kodifikasi Mushaf Utsmani harus diberi apresiasi yang tinggi karena telah mendapat Ijma’ (consensus) para Sahabat.
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