Kaidah-Kaidah al-Qasam dalam al-Qur'an
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32678/alfath.v10i1.3088Keywords:
al-qasam,, fi’l al-qasam,, muqsam ‘alaih,, muqsam bih,, adawa>t al-qasamAbstract
Manna>’ Khali>l al-Qat}t}a>n membagi faidah qasam berdasarkan mukha>t}ab-nya menjadi tiga kategori; mukha>t}ab kha>li al-dhihn, mukha>t}ab mutaraddid, dan mukha>t}ab munkir. Bagi mukha>t}ab jenis pertama (kha>li al-dhihn), yaitu orang yang hatinya masih netral (tidak yakin dan tidak mengingkari), maka al-qasam tidak terlalu dibutuhkan, karena padanya cukup diajukan kalam ibtida>’i> (berita tanpa taukid atau sumpah). Untuk mukha>t}ab kategori kedua (mutaraddid), yang hatinya diselimuti keragu-raguan terhadap ada tidaknya kebenaran, maka padanya perlu diajukan penguat (taukid atau sumpah) yang biasa disebut t}alabi> (kalimat bertaukid) untuk mensirnakan keraguraguannya. Dan mukha>t}ab kategori ketiga (munkir), yang menolak berita kebenaran, maka padanya wajib diberi penguat atau sumpah, supaya keingkarannya lenyap. Penguat ini disesuaikan dengan kadar keingkarannya, baik lemah maupun kuat. Biasanya, model penguat seperti ini disebut inka>ri> (berita yang diperkuat sesuai kadar keingkarannya).
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